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From "Little Rock Nine" to Today

Backgrounder
Robert F. Wagner Meets with Little Rock Students
Minnijean Brown, Elizabeth Eckford, Carlotta Walls, Mayor Wagner, Thelma Mothershed, Gloria Ray, Terrance Roberts, Ernest Green, Melba Pattilo, Jefferson Thomas. On September 23, 1957 in Little Rock, Arkansas, these nine African-American students quietly slipped into Central High School through the side door with the assistance of the city’s police, while an angry white mob numbering 1,000 swarmed the front of the school to await their arrival. Upon learning of their entry, the…
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Brown v. Board of Education

Backgrounder
Young Kids Sitting on Classroom Floor
More than sixty-five years after Brown v. Board of Education, the promise of equal access to quality education remains unfulfilled. School expulsions and suspensions are among the best predictors of who will drop out of high school and African American students are three more likely to be suspended or expelled than their white peers. In January 2014, the Department of Education and Department of Justice issued watershed guidance on school discipline with the intent to …
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Civil Rights Act of 1964

Backgrounder
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on July 2, 1964. The Act prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities and made employment discrimination illegal based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin. The document was the most sweeping civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. As we commemorate the anniversary of the Civil Rights Act, we have an opportunity to teach and…
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50 Years Later: Remembering Selma

Backgrounder
From Bloody Sunday to the Voting Rights Act: How One Day Changed the Course of Civil Rights History March 7, 1965 — a day that would become known as Bloody Sunday — forever changed the course of American history. That day the nation’s attention turned to Selma, Alabama, where state troopers and a sheriff’s posse brutally attacked 575 demonstrators attempting to march peacefully to Montgomery.  The marchers had gathered for two purposes: to advocate for voting…
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